Nordic Productivity Paradox • Dashboard

TFP GROWTH

0.8%

-1.4pp vs 2000-2007

GDP PER HOUR

72.4

+12.3% since 2010

ICT CAPITAL

+43%

Deepening vs Output

UNIT LABOR COST

108.4

+7.2 vs US

FIRM ENTRY RATE

3.4%

-52% since 2007

Total Factor Productivity Growth

EU KLEMS / wiiw • NACE Rev. 2

Nordics

2000–2025

GDP per Hour Worked

OECD • Index (2015=100)

Nordics Avg

United States

2025

ICT Capital Deepening

Capital stock growth vs TFP

Nordics ICT Capital +43%

Non-ICT Capital +18%

TFP (Productivity) +0.8%

Productivity paradox confirmed

Productivity by Sector (NACE Rev. 2)

Labour productivity • Real value added per hour

2025

J-M

Knowledge Services

+2.1%

TFP

Value Added 118.4

Construction

-0.8%

TFP

Value Added 92.4

O-Q

Public & Health

+0.3%

TFP

Value Added 104.2

Creative Destruction Slowdown

SNS Swedish Productivity Study • Firm entry/exit

Gazelle startups: 3.4%

2007: 7.1% → 2024: 3.4%

Cross-Country Productivity Benchmarks

OECD Productivity Statistics • 2025 estimates

Country	GDP/Hour (USD)	TFP Growth	ICT Share	Unit Labor Cost	Hours Worked
Sweden	78.3	+0.7%	31.4%	106.2	1,452
Denmark	81.7	+1.1%	34.8%	109.8	1,378
Finland	69.4	+0.4%	29.6%	104.7	1,501
Norway	92.1	+0.9%	27.1%	113.4	1,411
United States	85.6	+1.4%	39.2%	100.0	1,811
EU-27 Average	61.8	+0.3%	22.4%	102.5	1,562