Civil aviation in northern Europe is grappling with a sharp rise in GPS interference, much of it traced to Russian territory. Swedish authorities say the disruptions, which have surged in 2025, pose growing risks to flight safety and maritime navigation.
So far this year, more than 733 incidents have been reported within Swedish airspace—compared with 55 in 2023 and nearly 500 last year. Pilots now file reports almost daily of satellite navigation systems dropping out or feeding false data.
“This is serious and it is a safety risk for civil aviation, not least given the extent, duration and nature of the disruptions,” says Andreas Holmgren, head of unit at the Swedish Transport Agency. “We can state, and we also have evidence, that the interference originates from Russian territory.”
From isolated cases to widespread disruption
GPS jamming was initially concentrated in eastern Sweden and international waters, but the problem has spread into wider areas. Aircraft and ships caught in the interference risk receiving false position readings, a dangerous scenario when navigating congested skies or waterways.
The Swedish Maritime Administration confirms the increase. “GPS interference in the Baltic Sea has increased significantly in scope since May this year,” says press manager Sara Eriksson. The agency has issued formal warnings to shipping.
International alarm
Sweden, along with other Baltic states, has raised the issue with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The UN agency has formally demanded that Russia “fulfill its international obligations and ensure that the disruptions cease immediately.” Moscow has not publicly responded.
Denmark sees rise, but downplays risk
Denmark is also registering more cases. Pilots there now report GPS disturbances about twice a week, according to air traffic company Naviair. Just a few years ago, there were only one or two incidents per month.
Even so, Danish authorities are less alarmed than their Swedish counterparts. “More cases of GPS jamming are being registered than a few years ago,” says department head Signe Marie Finderup Slot of the Danish Transport Authority. But the agency insists the risk is manageable. Aircraft can automatically switch to other satellites or ground-based navigation if GPS fails.
Bottom line
What was once a rare nuisance has turned into a daily challenge for pilots and ship crews in northern Europe. For Sweden, the surge is a matter of safety. For Denmark, it is a problem—but not yet a crisis. Either way, the source appears clear, and the international pressure on Russia is only beginning.